In the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. Amen.
Even though lots of people today have a low view of the Bible in general, that tends to be especially true when it comes to the Old Testament. When they read about the brutal battles and strange rituals that we find scattered throughout Moses and the Prophets, they quickly dismiss that part of the Scriptures as being unnecessary or even incorrect. In fact, sometimes individuals who call themselves Christians will even try and pit the teachings of Jesus against what’s recorded earlier in the Bible as if the two of them contradict each other. Who’s heard the argument before that Jesus never said anything about homosexuality? Despite the fact that God’s Word clearly defines it as wrong in many other places, since Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, never record an instance where Christ literally speaks that specific word out loud, we’re told that it’s an open question. In many cases, people almost act as if there are two different gods that are fundamentally opposed to each other. There’s the god of the Old Testament, and he’s kind of a meanie. And then there’s the god of the New Testament, and he’s a nice guy.
But the closer we look at the Word of God as a whole, and even the New Testament itself, the quicker we see just how wrong that line of thinking is. For example, as Saint Paul tells us in our Epistle lesson today from Romans chapter 15, “Whatever was written in former days was written for our instruction, that through endurance and through the encouragement of the Scriptures we might have hope.” So, on the basis of these words, allow me to explain to you all what our attitude towards the Old Testament should be, and what the benefits are of still reading it.
First, this passage from Romans 15, clearly shows us that even New Testament believers should continue to have a great deal of respect for what God tells us in the Old Testament. Again, as Saint Paul says, “Whatever was written in former days was written for our instruction.” The only possible thing that the apostle could be referring to here is Genesis to Malachi. Paul lived at the time when the books of New Testament were still being produced. The stuff that was written in former days, means the stuff that written before Christ was born. In fact, every time that the New Testament references “the Scriptures,” or the writings, even though it does, of course, apply to everything in the Bible, it’s first and foremost about the Old Testament. When Jesus says to the Pharisees, “You search the Scriptures because you think that in them you have eternal life; and it is they that bear witness about me,” what Scriptures is He talking about? When our Lord tells us in John chapter 10 that “the Scriptures cannot be broken,” meaning they don’t contain any errors, what infallible Word is He referring to? When Paul tells Timothy that, “All Scripture is breathed out by God” and to continue in them because they are able to “make you wise unto salvation,” what inspired text is He referencing? Yes, these passages apply to every part of the cannon of the Bible, but according to their original purpose, they have to do with Old Testament.
The reason why we should have just as much respect for the Old Testament as we do the New, and not pit them against each other, is because in the end both of them are the literal Word of God. They both have the same Author. Even though God used human men as instruments to record His Word, He’s still the origin of all of it. The people that He inspired weren’t writing their own opinions. They were recording the very proclamations of God Himself. As Saint Peter explains in 2 Peter chapter 1, “No prophecy of Scripture comes from someone’s own interpretation. For no prophecy was ever produced by the will of man, but men spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit.” In the Lutheran Church, we call that the doctrine of verbal inspiration. It means that not only did God give the impulse for the human authors who recorded the Bible to start writing, but He guided their work, and He provided them with the thoughts and the ideas to put down.
This whole thing that we see nowadays were people go, “Well, yeah, but what did Jesus say,” or “That’s just Paul” or “But is it anywhere in the New Testament” completely misses the point. It’s a not-so-subtle way of arguing against the authority of the Scriptures. But when we dismiss one part of God’s Word, we call into question the rest of it too. When we cherry pick the things from the Bible that we like, and ignore the parts of it that we don’t, we’re playing a dangerous game that always ends badly. Eventually, it won’t just lead us to rejecting God’s written Word, but the Word made flesh too. If dismiss the Old Testament as unnecessary or uninspired, it’ll cause us to reject the New Testament too. As Jesus Himself warns us in John chapter 6, “If you believed Moses, you would believe Me, for he wrote about me. But since you do not believe what he wrote, how are you going to believe what I say?”
There are so many ways in which reading the Old Testament can still benefit our faith today. The first one that Saint Paul gives us in our reading this morning is instruction. Again, as he says, “Whatever was written in former days was written for our instruction.” When we read the content of Old Testament, we find the exact same teachings presented to us there as we find in the New Testament. In fact, many times the Old Testament teaches us things in even greater detail. Think about the doctrine of creation. Yes, there are references to God being the greater of the universe several times in Matthew through Revelation, but in the book of Genesis, God gives us two whole chapters filled with wonderful details about how it actually happened. Or what about the doctrine of sin? The Old Testament literally gives us the account of how sin entered the world. We find verse after verse that teaches us about the depravity of our sinful condition and our great need for God’s forgiveness. Where does the Bible tell us that all of us are conceived in sin and brought forth in iniquity? That’s from the Old Testament. Where does it say that all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God? It says it in the New Testament, but that’s only because it’s a direct quote from the Old Testament. Even the central doctrine of our faith, the doctrine of justification by grace through alone, is not something that we find only in the New Testament. Remember what it says about father Abraham and how he received God’s favor? It says, “he believed in the Lord and it was counted to him as righteousness.”
Sometimes in Lutheran circles the impression is given that the Old Testament is the Law and the New Testament is the Gospel. But that simply isn’t true. Both Testaments contain both the Law and the Gospel. In both places, God tells what to do and what Christ does in our place. In both places, God shows us our sins and shows us our Savior. In both places, the Lord calls us to repentance and offers the healing balm of His forgiveness when we do.
The only difference between the Old Testament and the New Testament is that in one Christ is concealed and in the other one Christ is revealed. One of them gives us Jesus through signs, shadows, and types, and the one gives us Jesus in the flesh. One of them points us to the Messiah who would come and save us, and the other one identifies exactly who that Messiah is.
Not only can we learn many things by reading the Old Testament, but without the Old Testament the New Testament wouldn’t even make sense. What does it mean to call Jesus the Lamb of God if you don’t even know about the Passover lamb whose blood marked the door of the Israelites so that death passed them over? Why would we refer to Christ as the second Adam, if there was no first Adam, and he hadn’t actually plunged the world into sin? How would we even be able to identify who the Christ is if it wasn’t for the specific prophecies that tell us who to look for? All of God’s Word holds together. Everything in the Bible is one story. It’s the true story of our salvation in Jesus.
Besides being written for our instruction, the Old Testament was also written, above all, so that we would have the hope of eternal life. As Saint Paul also says in our reading, “Whatever was written in former days was written for our instruction, that through endurance and through the encouragement of the Scriptures we might have hope.”
Again, the way that the New Testament gives us hope is by showing us all the things that Jesus did in order to win for us salvation. But the Old Testament does that by predicting it. Even down to the smallest of details, God’s Word in from the Old Testament shows us how He planned our redemption long before it happened. Right after the first sin, God told us how the Seed of the woman would crush the head of the ancient serpent. Or what about the ram that was caught in the thicket so that Abraham didn’t have to sacrifice his sin, but could use a substitute instead? How could somebody possibly read Isaiah chapter 53 and not see Jesus and the cross there? “Surely, he has borne our griefs and carried our sorrows; yet we esteemed him stricken, smitten by God, and afflicted. But he was pierced for our transgressions; he was crushed for our iniquities; upon him was the chastisement that brought us peace, and with his wounds we are healed.” We don’t have to know every single little detail from the Old Testament to know that Jesus is the Savior of the whole world, but every single little detail helps. They all point us to Christ.
And one more thing too. The last way that God uses the Old Testament to give us hope is by providing us with countless real-life examples of how He saved poor sinners in the past. Yes, the New Testament gives us a few accounts of believers who lived and died in the faith. We mostly find that in the book of Acts. But what about the Old Testament? It’s full of them. Over and over again, we see the grace of God in action. We see how God sought people out before they ever went looking for Him. We see how He remained faithful even when others were faithless. We see how when they stumbled God raised them up, and when they wandered away, He called them back. When those who should have known better fell into egregious sins, God did punish them and let them feel His anger, but only so that they would repent and seek His mercy. He didn’t reject them forever, but even enticed them to return, and when they did, He immediately restored them.
How many stories in the Old Testament follow the pattern of somebody sinning and God going out of His way to bring them to repentance and then forgive them? That’s the story of King David. That’s the story of Jonah and the Ninevites. That’s the whole story of Israel and why they went away into exile. Even the times where people did not listen to God, and continued in their sin until their destruction, our Lord uses those instances to plead with us to take our sin seriously. It’s so that we would head the call of our Savior who says, “Come to Me all who are weary and heavy laden and I will give you rest.”
The Old Testament is filled with examples of God’s love and mercy. So, don’t let it intimidate you. Don’t chuck it aside as a bunch of worthless myths from a bygone era without any real point. Don’t pit it against other parts of the Bible as if contradicts them or doesn’t hold the same weight. Read it as God’s Word. Ask for the help of the Holy Spirit, and study it diligently with the intent of learning something, and the Scriptures themselves say that you will. Look at it through the lens of Christ, who is the fulfillment of all of God’s promises, and that same Christ will fill you with hope. He will strengthen you through every trial and sustain you through every need. He will bring you to everlasting life.
As Jesus Himself tells in our Gospel lesson today from Matthew chapter 24, “Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will not pass away.” That’s true for everything that God says, even what He says in the Old Testament. In Jesus’ Name. Amen.